Why Certification Matters: A Review of State and non-State actions in Côte d’Ivoire for promoting schooling for the displaced

What education options have displaced children once conflict uproots them from their home? How is their learning certified, and how can they make a bridge with their pre-war educational attainments? By drawing on the cases of Liberian refugees in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1992-2007 and the recent experience of primary and secondary students displaced by the Ivorian civil war, this contribution explores the challenges linked to the continuity of education. It examines in particular the extent to which non-state providers complement state action or act in parallel of it, when providing schooling opportunities to war-affected populations.