Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Database

OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a school-based survey which collects extensive student background data. This pre-COVID-19 data includes information on the availability of various forms of technology in homes. As this data can be disaggregated it can be used to analyse to what extent remote learning is feasible for different groups within countries and which groups are at risk of exclusion.